LTE already has a fair bit of beam-forming standard, 5G dramatically increases the number of antennas used to do so (allowing you to beam-form more efficiently /precisely)
Another bucket is coding schemes: LTE uses Turbo and Convolutional Coding, whereas 5G adds Polar and LDPC codes to the mix which bring us closer to the Shannon Limit (theoretical maximum data capacity given a certain SNR).
Another bucket is coding schemes: LTE uses Turbo and Convolutional Coding, whereas 5G adds Polar and LDPC codes to the mix which bring us closer to the Shannon Limit (theoretical maximum data capacity given a certain SNR).